woven material composition/blend
65%/35% wild hemp / cotton
33% wild nettle/37% wild hemp/30% cotton
20/80% wild nettle / bamboo
100% bamboo
50/50% soybean / bamboo
100% soybean
60/40% soybean / cotton
50/20/30% soybean / wild nettle / cotton
37/30/33% soybean / wild nettle / cotton
Jersey Blends as well
95% bamboo 5% spandex jersey
70% bamboo 30% organic cotton
100%bamboo jersey
55% hemp & 45%
Growth
Bamboo has many advantages over cotton as a raw material for textiles. Reaching up to 35 meters tall, bamboos are the largest members of the grass family They are the fastest growing woody plants in the world. One Japanese species has been recorded as growing over 1 meter in a day. There are over 1600 species of bamboo found in diverse climates from cold mountains to hot tropical regions. About 40 million hectares of the earth is covered with bamboo, mostly in Asia . The high growth rate of bamboo and the fact that bamboo can grow in such diverse climates makes the bamboo plant a sustainable and versatile resource. The bamboo species used for clothing is called Moso bamboo. Moso bamboo is the most important bamboo in China, where it covers about 3 million hectares (about 2% of the total Chinese forest area). It is the main species for bamboo timber and plays an important role for the ecological environment.
Harvesting
Once a new shoot emerges from the ground, the new cane will reach its full height in just 8–10 weeks. Each cane reaches maturity in 3–5 years. Bamboo can be continually re-harvested with no damage to the surrounding environment. It is a grass and so regenerates after being cut just like a lawn without the need for replanting. This regular harvesting is actually of benefit to the health of the plant – studies have shown that felling of canes leads to vigorous re-growth and an increase in the amount of biomass the next year.
Yield and land use
Land use is of global importance as the world’s six billion people compete for water, food, fibers and shelter. Sustainable land use practices provide both economic and environmental advantages. Bamboo can be used as food, fibers and shelter and due to its ease of growth and extraordinary growth rate it is a cheap, sustainable and efficient crop. Bamboo grows very densely, its clumping nature enables a lot of it to be grown in a comparatively small area, easing pressure on land use. Yields of bamboo of up to 60 tonnes per hectare greatly exceed the yield of 20 tonnes for most trees and only 1-2 tonnes per hectare for cotton with a one-time planting for bamboo and little care and maintenance needed. In a time when land use is under enormous pressure, bamboo’s high yield per hectare becomes very significant.
Greenhouse gases and global warming
Human activity is not only producing more carbon dioxide, but it is also severely damaging the ability of the planet to absorb carbon via its carbon sinks — the forests. Growing forests absorb CO2 but deforestation results in fewer trees to soak up rising levels of CO2. Bamboo minimises CO2 and generates up to 35% more oxygen than equivalent stands of tree. One hectare of bamboo sequesters 62 tonnes of carbon dioxide per year while one hectare of young forest only sequesters 15 tonnes of carbon dioxide per year.
Deforestation
Bamboo planting can slow deforestation, providing an alternative source of timber for the construction industry and cellulose fibers for the textile industry. It allows communities to turn away from the destruction of their native forests and to construct commercial bamboo plantations that can be selectively harvested annually without the destruction of the grove. Tree plantations have to be chopped down and terminated at harvest but bamboo keeps on growing. When a bamboo cane is cut down, it will produce another shoot and is ready for harvest again in as little as one year. Compare this to cotton – harvesting organic cotton requires the decimation of the entire crop causing bare soils to bake in the sun and release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Before replanting next years crop the cotton farmers till the fields which releases yet more CO2.
Water use
Very little bamboo is irrigated and there is sound evidence that the water-use efficiency of bamboo is twice that of other trees. This makes bamboo more able to handle harsh weather conditions such as drought, flood and high temperatures. Compare bamboo to cotton which is a thirsty crop – it can take up to 20,000 liters of water to produce 1 kg of cotton and 73% of the global cotton harvest comes from irrigated land , Some estimates indicate that cotton is the largest user of water among all agricultural commodities.
Soil erosion
Yearly replanting of crops such as cotton leads to soil erosion. The extensive root system of bamboo and the fact that it is not uprooted during harvesting means bamboo actually helps preserve soil and prevent soil erosion. The bamboo plants root system creates an effective watershed, stitching the soil together along fragile river banks, deforested areas, and in places prone to mudslides. It also greatly reduces rain run-off. Conventional cotton-growing also causes a severe reduction in soil quality through the impact of constant use of pesticides on soil organisms.
Pesticides and fertilisers
Only 2.4% of the world’s arable land is planted with cotton, yet cotton accounts for nearly 25% of the world’s insecticide market and 11% of the sale of global pesticides. Many of these pesticides are hazardous and toxic:
Aldicarb, a powerful nerve agent, is one of the most toxic pesticides applied to cotton worldwide and the second most used pesticide in global cotton production.
Endosulfan is widely used in cotton production and is the dominant pesticide in the cotton sector in 19 countries.
Monocrotophos, despite being withdrawn from the US market in 1989, is widely used in developing world countries. In 1997, Paraguay’s Ministry of Health and Welfare identified it as being responsible for causing paralysis in children living in cotton growing areas.
Deltamethrin, a nerve agent, is applied in over half of the cotton producing countries. Medical analysis in a community in a South African village located on the edge of a major cotton production area found traces of deltamethrin in human breast milk.
An estimated 1 million to 5 million cases of pesticide poisoning occur every year, resulting in 20,000 reported deaths among agricultural workers and at least 1 million requiring hospitalisation. Even organic cotton farming uses pesticides – copper and copper salts
Fertilisers are also applied to cotton fields to increase growth rate and crop yields. A huge benefit of using bamboo as the organic base for textile fibers is that there is no need for pesticides or fertilisers when growing bamboo. Bamboo grows so rapidly there is no need for fertiliser. It also contains a substance called bamboo-kun – an antimicrobial agent that gives the plant a natural resistance to pest and fungi infestation. It is believed that the finished bamboo fabric retains this antibacterial property.
